Religious Freedom And Freedom Of Speech - 1186 Words

Religious freedom and freedom of speech have been enshrined in American law since the late 18th century. Both are found in the First Amendment to the US Constitution and have been at the center of some of the most important Supreme Court cases in history. From Texas v. Johnson to Lemon v. Kurtzmann, religious freedom and freedom of speech have shaped discourse more so than any other fundamental rights in America. Yet now more so than ever, the issue of religious belief versus freedom of speech has permeated American society. This can most clearly be seen in Masterpiece Cakeshop, Ltd. v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission, a highly controversial legal case making its way through the Supreme Court. Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado began in†¦show more content†¦The determination of the commission was upheld by the Colorado Supreme Court and Phillips appealed the decision to the Supreme Court, which agreed to hear the case in June 2017 (Howe). The court will hear oral arguments in December 2017 (â€Å"Calendar of Events†). The fundamental question at this point is whether or not businesses can refuse to provide goods and/or services to homosexual couples. On one side of the issue, one can find those who believe that businesses must be required by law to provide goods and services to LGBT people upon request. According to this paradigm, a bakery must provide a wedding cake to an interracial couple regardless of how much that business opposes interracial marriage. A fundamental part of this point of view is the argument from Civil Rights. In short, these laws that require businesses to serve all â€Å"ensure that people previously subject to discrimination can go about their day to day life, without worrying whether they will be turned away from a store because of who they are (ACLU Staff).† Under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, it is illegal for businesses to refuse service to any individual on the basis of â€Å"race, color, religion, sex or nat ional origin (History.com Staff).† In the case of Masterpiece v. Colorado, Colorado’s Anti-Discrimination Act bars public accommodations from denying service to individuals based on their race, religion, sexual orientation, and more (One Colorado). InShow MoreRelatedFree Speech And Religious Freedom1470 Words   |  6 Pagestheir point across. At the start of 2016, authorities â€Å"increased restrictions on civil society groups critical of the government†, so they used â€Å"overboard sedition, criminal defamation and hate speech laws to harass minorities’ views† (Human Rights Watch : India Today). Free Speech and Religious Freedom is important to Hindu Minorities and the government should have no objection towards the sacrifice and fighting spirit these people have to get their point across, so going against their act of civilRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Bill Of Right : Freedom Of Religion And Freedom1460 Words   |  6 Pages Civil liberties are individual freedoms which are protected from the government by the Bill of Rights. There were historical backgrounds to guarantee the freedom. Although they are ruled in the Constitution, it is not easy to protect the diversity and individual freedom in the society, and not all conflicts have been settled today. Yet, people are in a process to improve democratic society which is not a finished product, and freedom in all its forms improves itself over time. I am going to explainRead MoreThe Framers Intent Paper911 Words   |  4 Pagesthat affect everyone on a daily basis. The first amendment involves freedom of religion, speech, assembly, and the press. The original intent of for freedom of speech, along with current views, events, opinions, an evaluation of the affects of Supreme Court decisions, and considerations for the future of this clause will be discussed. Original intent of freedom of speech The original intent of the clause of freedom of speech is difficult to point-out. There were several framers of the UnitedRead MoreThe Amendment And Freedom Of Speech1545 Words   |  7 Pages The 1st amendment was made to guarantee freedoms in the field of expression assembly, religion, and ones rights to petition. It prohibits congress men from promoting ones religious practices and also supporting ones faith over another. It also forbids the congress men from disturbing and obscuring the freedom of the press to express itself and also the freedom of speech per individual. It also assures the right of each civilian to petition the regime to redress accusations and gather peacefullyRead MoreDeath Of A Social Work1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Amendment guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly and the right to petition. In the case of religion and expression, there is a case that highlights both. In 2001, Emily Brooker attended Missouri State University in pursuit of a Social Work degree. In the fall of 2005, Emily was a senior and was faced with making the pressing decision to complete an assignment or fight for her First Amendment rights. She ultimately chose to fight with the help of prominent attorneysRead MoreThe Preamble Of The United States Constitution903 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter understand our United States Constitution. When the Framers coin the phrase, â€Å"secure the blessings of liberty†, it means that citizens of the United States of America have freedoms that cannot be taken away by anyone and it limits the power of the United States government to ensure us â€Å"We the People†, of these freedoms. This phrase goes along with what is stated in our Declaration of Independence that, all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienableRead MorePersecution and Protection of Religious Beliefs Around the World814 Words   |  4 Pageshuman rights has recog nized the right of manifestation of the religion , still there are religious conflicts around the world. There still happen revolutions with religious bases. People are still deprived of the right of applying their religion, while some other are being killed because of their religion views. These happenings can trigger the idea that there should be a special provision in protection of religious liberties. It seems to me that there is not any specialty in religion that should beRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1321 Words   |  6 Pagesincredibly difficult and unjust to promote a system to which state authority prevents speech that they find offensive. It is nearly impossible and impractical for a state entity to understand what can and can’t be considered offensive, and what is offensive to some and not to others. That is why the harm principle is a great principle to understand the limits of how far free speech should and can go. Free speech should be protected an d promoted so long as it does not create credible harm to anotherRead MoreThe Right Of Free Speech And Freedom Of Press1363 Words   |  6 PagesThe right many Americans take for granted every day is the ability to speak to one another and to express their opinions through verbal and non-verbal means of communication. The First Amendment provides the right of free speech and freedom of press to the people. The Bill of Rights, also known as the first 10 amendments to the Constitution went into effect on Dec. 15, 1791, when the state of Virginia ratified it, giving the bill the majority of ratifying states required to protect citizens fromRead More Youth and the First Amendment Essay example1162 Words   |  5 Pagesthe First Amendment Many freedom of speech and expression issues that receive media attention have to do with the adult population and what they feel their rights are. What many fail to recognize is the fact that the youth today are also dealing with freedom of speech and expression issues in their own lives. The freedom of speech and expression issues that young people deal with are just as important and are handled in the same manner as any other freedom of speech issue. Three articles from

Why Was Alexander Hamilton And Benjamin Franklin

My presentation is on why the pictures of American presidents are placed on money, and what the other symbols on money mean. I will also discuss why Alexander Hamilton and Benjamin Franklin are also on American money, despite the fact that they never served as President of the United States, and I will compare the symbols and portraits of Turkish lira to the symbols and portraits on the American dollar. Here are some interesting facts about American money: The United States Mint was created by Congress in 1792, tasked with creating and circulating official coinage. The Mint had the authority to convert any precious metals, like gold or silver, into standard coinage for anyone s account with no charge. President George Washington and Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton asked Congress to pass the Coinage Act of 1792, which established the dollar as the basic unit of money for the United States. The word â€Å"dollar† is prounounced from the German word â€Å"thaler† , which means â€Å"coin†. Because of the lack of silver and gold mines in the United States, currency from other countries was allowed to be used to buy and sell goods and services until 1857, when silver and gold mines started to generate sufficient metal. In 1863, the National Banking Act was signed by President Abraham Lincoln, making the dollar the sole currency of the United States. A U.S. Note, also known as a Legal Tender Note, was paper money issued from 1862 to 1971 in the U.S. They earned the nameShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes A Great Leader?2212 Words   |  9 PagesMany people are responsible for providing Americans with the freedoms we have today. Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton were great world leaders due to their contributions to society, government, and public relations. In general, these men have contributed to our country in many ways; for example, they drafted the United States Constitution. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and Joh n Jay published the Federalist Papers. Thomas Jefferson wrote the first draft of the DeclarationRead MoreFounding Brothers by Joseph J. Ellis Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pagesshow just why they deserve to be called, founding brothers. There were several issues in which the founding brothers found themselves on opposite sides of an issue. In the case of Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton, Hamilton had questioned Burr’s qualifications in Burr’s run for governor of New York. One situation lead to another issue in which the line between personal and political criticism was blurred which lead to Burr ultimately challenging Hamilton to a duel. In another case, Hamilton had beenRead MoreRespectability: Politics in Early America in Founding Brothers by Joseph J. Ellis1507 Words   |  7 Pagesit affected their treatment of each other. This shows why they fought and worked together the ways they did and why they left certain issues closed, and others open to later interpretation. I appreciate Ellis used journals, letters, newspapers and other public documents to see into the minds and lives of the founders, and the various quotes portray the depth of the founders’ feelings very well. Overall, while co nfusing at times, the book was engaging and displayed the Founding Fathers in a varietyRead MoreAp Us Questions1624 Words   |  7 Pages Summer Assignment Francis Lewis HS 1. What distinguished the American Revolution from others? The American Revolution was different from all other revolutions because it was the first successful attempt that established a government. Another thing that distinguished this revolution from the others is that it did not occur from within. 2. Why does Ellis think this is significant? Ellis thinks that the distinguishing factors are significant because the American Revolution helpedRead MoreWhat Are The Flaws Of The Founding Fathers?1385 Words   |  6 Pagescoast to coast, with the obelisk of the Washington Monument on the east coast to Mount Rushmore on the north border of the United States to our everyday money; the founding fathers are quite prevalent in our society. Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, and John Adams have influenced American society immediately at the start and still continue to do so today. The book in which I have chosen to research goes into great depth of the lives of the foundingRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The Us Constitution1746 Words   |  7 Pagesprotected from intrusion by government. These documents have been a beacon to all men and women who value freedom. They are just as meaningful now as when they were written. As the American statesman Henry Clay said, â€Å"The Constitution of the United States was not made merely for the generation that then existed but for posterity – unlimited, undefined, endless, perpetual posterity.† The Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution were written with the intent that they could be easily read and understoodRead MoreFounding Brothers : The Revolutionary Generation Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pageschallenges. â€Å"Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation† talks about this challenges and events in different sections that focus on seven historical figures at the time: George Washington, John and Abigail Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, and Adam Burr. Joseph J. Ellis talked about six events, in six chapters, from the time in American history that shaped the ideas that created the United States government that is known today. The chapters are called as followed TheRead More Age Of Reason Essay988 Words   |  4 Pagesspirituality for a sense of control and understanding in their lives. Not until the years of the age of reason was there an alternative proposed for a better method of interpreting things. This alternative method was science. Although scientific thought spread rapidly, religion was not forgotten. Religion controlled many things science could not. It gave people a sense of why they are here and why things occur. This understanding results in sanity and calmness. During the age of reason, people who keptRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph J. Ellis s The Long Run 1913 Words   |  8 PagesIntro: Joseph J. Ellis starts out by stating in his preface that the American Revolution was both necessary and inevitable. The Revolution has been described as something that was already preordained, that, with the direction things had been headed in, the Revolution was bound to occur. With the size and power of the British army and navy, the rebellious disrupters in America should have been knocked down almost immediately, by logic’s rules. Adjacent to this lies Ellis’ statement that, â€Å"in the longRead MoreSeparation of Church and State, or Not? Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesMany people say that this phrase is backed up by the First Amendment. Before â€Å"separation of church and state† was believed by many, schools could use quotes that made a spiritual impact, children could pray in school, and if a public school hung the Ten Commandments up it was not questioned. There were fewer problems in the United States before the 1960s. Statistics show there was less violence, premarital sex, sexually transmitted diseases, divorce, and the scores on the SAT were higher. If

Etta James free essay sample

Newport News Virginia, proud mother, Temperance, gave birth to her first little girl, who was soon to become one of the most accomplished Jazz singers of all time (Verve Music Group). Temple and Ells father William, bound together by common-law marriage, separated soon after she was born. Her mother then moved the two of them to Yonkers, NY where eventually they started a family with Joseph Dad Silva, Temples long-term boyfriend. Ella soon became a big sister when Francis was born in 1923.To support the family, Jog dug ditches and acted as a part-time chauffer while Temple labored at a Laundromat. The girls would take on small Jobs from time to time to help put food on the table. Growing up, Ella considered herself a tomboy, however desired to be a dancer. Sometimes, Instead of their usual game of baseball, Ella and her friends would take the train into Harlem to watch a show at the Apollo Theatre. In 1932 Ella was devastated by the death of her mother due to a sudden heart attack (Verve Music Group). Coping with the loss, Jog went into depression, neglecting his relationship with his daughters.Ella began rebelling, as her grades dropped dramatically and she began skipping school. Her relationship with her stepfather had insisted and she was sent to live with her Aunt. This living situation didnt last long when Ella ran away, living homeless and on the streets. She began working as a lookout for a Mafia affiliated gang, and when she got in trouble with the police, was sent to Reform School (leapfrogged). Again, she escaped but eventually found herself in the Colored Orphan Asylum in Riverside, The Bronx.On November 21, 1934 Ella made her debut at the Apollo Theatre after winning an opportunity to compete In amateur Her original plan was to woo the audience by dancing, but she had a last minute change of heart after seeing he competition. Instead, she asked the band to play Connie Boswell Judy and sang her way into the hearts of her audience. She did so well, the audience demanded an encore. She fulfilled their request, singing another Boswell tune, The Object of My Affection and won first prize of $25. 00 (leapfrogged). This opportunity opened several doors for Ella. A few months later was asked to sing with Chick Webs big band. She sang regularly with the band through 1935 (Verve Music Group). In 1936 she recorded her first single Love and Kisses under Decca record label (Nicholson). She recorded several hits with the band, including her 1938 version of the nursery rhyme A-Ticket-A-Tasked. The album sold 1 million copies, hit number one, and stayed on the pop charts for 17 weeks. After Webs death in 1939, the band changed their name to Ella Fitzgerald and her Famous Orchestra. The band had great success with Ella as bandleader, recording nearly 150 songs. Big band swing is the only style of jazz that became popular in the masses, which put Ella on top of the world, skyrocketing her reputation as the most talented singer her time. In 1942 Ella left the band to pursue a solo career. She began touring with Dizzy Gillespie, contributing to her change in vocal style. She was influenced by the bebop sound, and began to Incorporate scat singing as a part of her repertoire. When the horns were doing(Verve Music Group).She demonstrated these new techniques in her 1945 her version of Flying Home, which would later be named by the New York Times as one of the most influential Jazz records of all time (Nicholson). Soon to follow she recorded Lady Be Good in 1947 that gave her the reputation of one of the top Jazz vocalists (Nicholson). She started working with Norman Grand as her anger with the Philharmonic (leapfrogged). She worked with world-renowned musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Lester Young, Ray Brown, and began producing her American Songbook series under Grands own label Verve Records (Verve Music Group).The songbook series ended up being the singers most successful piece of work. The New York Times stated in 1969 These albums were among the first pop records to devote such serious attention to individual songwriters, and they were instrumental in establishing the pop album as a vehicle for serious musical exploration. Ells popularity was skyrocketing and she became a favorite guest on overall programs including The Being Crosby Show, the De Sullivan Show, and the Frank Sinatra Show. Ella became the first African American to perform at Macomb (Nicholson). The booking of this event was extremely controversial and was made into a play by Bonnie Greer in 2005. She was working extremely hard and touring sometimes doing two shows a day that were hundreds of miles apart. In 1974 Ella worked two solid weeks in New York City performing with Frank Sinatra and Count Basis. Five years later, she was inducted into the Down Beat magazine Hall of Fame, and received Kennedy Center Honors for her continuing contributions to the arts leapfrogged). In addition to her love of the arts, she also had a deep passion for child welfare.She donated her time and funds to several non-profit organizations for disadvantaged children. In 1987 US president Ronald Reagan presented Ella with the National Medal of Arts (leapfrogged). Several years later, France awarded her with the Commander of Arts and Letters (leapfrogged). Throughout her lifetime, Ella won fourteen Grammar Awards, including one or Lifetime Achievement in 1967 (Nicholson). In September of 1986 Ella experienced some health problems and underwent coronary bypass surgery (leapfrogged). Doctors also replaced a valve in her heart and diagnosed her with diabetes (leapfrogged).Rumors emerged that she would never sing again, but she persevered, proving them wrong. By 1990 Ella had recorded over 200 albums and in 1991 she gave her final performance at Carnegie Hall (lifeguards). As Ella got older, her health problems worsened. At 76 years old she experienced circulatory problems and on June 15, 1996, Ella Fitzgerald passed away. Today, modern Jazz musicians have invented new ways of communicating to their audiences. Singers have a smooth, sultry tone quality about them now, but you can ear the influence of that classic style of Jazz that Ella brought to the table so long ago.Ella will forever be remembered as one of the most renowned Jazz vocalists of all time. With her impeccable stage presence, vocal range, and raw technical quality of her voice notes her as not only a great singer, but also a brilliant musician. She conquered every style of Jazz from be-bob improvising scat singing, to tender ballads, to swing and big band Jazz. She is a perfect example of someone who was born to do music. Most admirably, she viewed herself not only as a singer, but also as a member of the band; an instrument.

Commercial Law of Freddy Foolish and Brilliant Real Estate’s

Question: Discuss about the Commercial Law Freddy Foolish and Brilliant Real Estates. Answer: Issue Based on the case study provided, the following issues can be drawn: Whether the employee Freddy Foolish is liable for the act of negligence? Whether the employer Brilliant Real Estates Management is vicariously liable for the negligence done by the employee? Law The term negligence in its ordinary senses means unable to take proper care of the given task. It could be due to carelessness or lack of care of the given person. Negligence causes harm and it could even lead to death at times. However, the application of negligence is not restricted to death it may also lead to injury (Burrows Burrows, 2016). The injury may be mental or physical in nature. Negligence is caused when someone is unable to take proper care of the said duty (Fletcher, 2015). Negligence in legal term means Breach of duty of taking care causing damages. A person is said to be negligent when he/she is unable to fulfill his/her duty properly. Negligence leads to permanent damages, temporary damages, even death (Rai, Acharya Dave, 2013). For instance, if person digs out a part of road just in front of the main road where some other person resides just to put a pipeline for his kitchen can be declared as an act of negligence. After completion of his work the person leaves the hole as it is without filling it. A child while crossing the road fell inside the whole causing serious injury. The person is liable for negligence in tort (Haripriya Haripriya, 2014). There are four basic elements for Negligence, viz, Duty Breach of duty Breach causing injury Damages Each of the elements are explained below: Duty: It is the relation between the Plaintiff and the Defendant. It is the duty of the Defendant towards the plaintiff. This duty is generated automatically once the law recognizes a relationship among the defendant and the plaintiff (Robertson, 2013). For example, if any person is working on the road, for example, cleaning the manholes it the duty of the authorized person to put a caution sign board for the safety of others. Is he fails to put it and due to that any harm is caused he is said to charge of negligence. Breach of duty: A defendant is legally responsible for negligence if he fails to complete his duty toward his plaintiff. He is said have done BREACH if he does not show reasonable care to the authorized task. He is even liable to be penalize for failure to fulfill his duty (Fulbrook, 2017). Breach causing injury: This could be stated once the negligence caused by the defendant actually causes injury to the plaintiff. The action of the defendant must cause injury to the plaintiff. For example while loading a truck with sacs of cotton a child was hurt causing injury to his face and head as a loaded sack fell upon him.This an act of negligence (Abraham, 2017). Damages: At certain situations when a person is found guilty of his negligence he is liable to pay damages for the injury is caused because of him. Damages leads to compensation depending upon the amount of injury (Zipursky, 2015). Application The law of tort in New Zealand is prepared in the court only in the court only. They do not follow the US law so they prefer to make their own laws. The natural law does not give any remedy to these facts so they have made their own laws for the betterment of the company (Osborne, 2015). Negligence in other words is the breach caused to the duty given. There are very common incidents related to the breach is vehicle accidents, civil cases, accidents caused to the visitors. The following situations can be held for negligence : A person recklessly driving in an busy street causing injury to many pedestrians A doctor negligently operation the left arm of a patient instead of right arm A car driver hits a pedestrian accidently while driving and caused damages to eggs that he was carrying with him. Almost 350 eggs got damaged. Both the car driver and owner are liable for the negligence caused and the owner is liable to pay damages. In the given case study as well, there has been many instances wherein Freddie was negligent as one of the employees of Brilliant Estate Ltd. As a man of ordinary prudence, he had the responsibility to take preventive measures from the happening of the accident. However, he failed to abide by his duty and he breached his duty of care. As a result of his negligent act, the driver of the car, Danny Dorito suffered a head injury. Freddie Foolish did not place any cones neither did he put up any safety barriers to block the area around where he was working. Thus, it can be said that he did not take any action for preventing the accident from happening. Intentional tort for employees includes the following: assault battery theft fraud Vicarious liability In tort vicarious liability means the employer is also responsible for any negligence done by the employee in the course of his employment causing serious injury to others. It is a strict liability. Vicarious liability means holding the responsibility of any act of negligence done by someone . It is the act done by any employee during the course of his employment. The element of vicarious liability is that the employee or the person who did the negligence need to show the agreement that he has been authorized by his employer for that act to be done during his course of employment. In the given case study as well, the employer of Freddie, that is Brilliant Estate Ltd will be held vicariously liable for his negligent action as the action took place during the course of his employment. Case references Donoghue v Stevenson (1932)AC562(HL) In this case the decision was held by the House of Lords. It was stated that one must be more careful toward other as it their duty to take care of it. This case is also known as snail in the bottle case. The fact of the case was that Ms. Donoghue bought a bottle of ginger beer . After she consumed the ginger beer a dead snail was found inside the bottle. So after consuming that drink she fell ill and sued the owner of the ginger beer mr. Stevenson. It was decided by the house of lords that it is the fault of the ginger beer company . It is their duty to check every production done by them. They are held for their negligence. Due to consumption of the ginger beer the consumer ms.donoghue fell ill, physical damage was caused to her. Other case references: In the case of Limpus V. London General Omnibus Company, he was working according to his employer. His duty was to deliver milk and that is what he was doing only. It was not his fault , his employer employed him for that work knowing the drawbacks of it. In the case of Blyth V Birmingham Waterworks it was held that negligence is a act of doing any work with or without the guidance of a second or more person or persons. It is basically the behavior and conduct of the person. Negligence is something a man can not do with out the instigation of others. It depends upon the human behavior. Conclusion: Thus going through the applicable law it can be concluded that both Freddy Foolish and the Brilliant Real Estates Management are liable the damages they caused and they are bound to pay damages. References: Abraham, K. (2017).The forms and functions of tort law. West Academic. Burrows, A. S., Burrows, J. H. (2016). A SHOCKING REQUIREMENT IN THE LAW ON NEGLIGENCE LIABILITY FOR PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS: LIVERPOOL WOMEN'S HOSPITAL NHS FOUNDATION TRUST V RONAYNE [2015] EWCA CIV 588.Medical law review,24(2), 278-285. Campbell, I. D. (2016). The absence of negligence in Hedley Byrne v Heller.Law Quarterly Review,132(2), 266-277. Fletcher, S. (2015). Who Are We Trying to Protect?The Role of Vulnerability Analysis in New Zealand's Law of Negligence. Fulbrook, J. (2017).Outdoor activities, negligence and the law. Routledge. Haripriya, A., Haripriya, V. (2014). Knowledge about medical law and its negligence among doctors: A cross-sectional study.Int J Sci Res Publ,4, 1-3. Osborne, P. (2015).The law of torts. Irwin Law. Rai, J. J., Acharya, R. V., Dave, D. (2013). Knowledge and awareness among interns and residents about medical law and negligence in a medical college in VadodaraA questionnaire study.Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences,3(4), 32-8. Robertson, A. (2013). On the Function of the Law of Negligence.Oxford Journal of Legal Studies,33(1), 31-57. Zipursky, B. C. (2015). Reasonableness in and out of Negligence Law.

The Strike by Hollywood Writers an Example of the Topic Arts Essays by

The Strike by Hollywood Writers On November 5, 2007, a planned strike of television, radio and screenplay writers, who work in the US for Eastern and Western branches of the Writers Guild of America, has started. This strike was a reaction on recent policies of the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers regarding a new contract which must be signed with the Guilds. Basically, the writers insisted on increasing their shares of incomes coming from total sells of movies and TV series, both on DVDs and in Internet. However, the Alliance refused, that's why more than 12,000 American writers joined the walkout. The Guilds decided to continue striking until the sides of the conflict were able to compromise on all major issues. Need essay sample on "The Strike by Hollywood Writers" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed College Students Usually Tell EssayLab support: How much do I have to pay someone to write my assignment today? Specialists recommend: Order Papers On Essaylab.Com Good Essay Writing Company Buy An Essay For College Best Essay Writing Service Best Essay Writing Service Reviews Therefore, all the work of the Writers Guilds was terminated, and now this situation seriously affects production of the majority of American TV and radio shows, TV series, etc. It will undoubtedly bring to several millions dollars of losses and to certain negative economic outcomes. A great number of our popular programs, including the shows of Conan O'Brien and Jay Leno, as well as many other shows which are broadcasted in our best TV networks such as NBC, ABC, CBS or Fox, are currently having problems with finding good script writing personnel. Besides, production of popular TV series (including Prison Break, 24, Lost, CSI, Desperate Housewives and others) had to be terminated and postponed. I support the position of the Writers Guilds because creating a good captivating script is a key element of making high-quality interesting shows or movies, and when the writers are not happy with the compensation they receive, no good TV or cinema products can be made. Therefore, such core democratic value as justice and being fair to other people must be taken into account. Besides, according to the information publicized, the writers have not only financial demands to be met. "The conglomerates always try to paint us as unreasonable and bellicose. Our proposals simply try to ensure that writers keep up with the industry's growth. That's fair and reasonable." (Writers Guild, East, 2007) References Writers Guild of America, East. (2007). The Official Site of the Guild. Retrieved January 4, 2008, from: http://www.wgaeast.org/ . Writers Guild of America, West. (2007). The Official Site of the Guild. Retrieved January 4, 2008, from http://www.wga.org/.

Free Essays on Trace Of Evidence

Trace of Evidence This article I chose was â€Å"Trace of Evidence† that was found on www.courttv.com. This article was about a serial killing taken place from 1979 to 1981 in Atlanta Georgia. Around the time of the killings, there had been found youths, more than 25 black men, some females and some as young as nine years old. They had all been strangled, bludgeoned, or asphyxiated. After police discovered these gruesome bodies they noticed that the only real clue the could notice was some kind of fiber threads and a few bore strands what seemed to be dog hair that were presence on several bodies and their clothing’s. Those specimens were all sent to the Georgia State Crime Laboratory for analysis, and technicians isolated two distinct types: a violet-colored acetate fiber and a coarse yellow-green nylon fiber with the type of trilobed qualities associated with carpets. The manufacture search was unsuccessful. The cases and discover of the fibers were showed on the news. The killer must have been watching every episode to keep up with what the police was finding out, shortly after police found bodies stripped and thrown into the river. Police thought that the killer must have thought that by throwing them into the water that it would wash away trace of evidence. The river killing was taken place at the Chatahoochee River. So police decided to do a steak out to see what they could find. On May 22, 1981, early morning hours, one of the police heard a loud splash. Leaving the river, police saw a white Chevrolet station wagon. When they pulled the car over, they learned that the driver’s name was Wayne Williams. He had indicated that he had thrown some old garbage into the water and the police let him go. After checking his story police found a 27-year-old man floating to the top. He had been dredged up about a mile from the bridge, and despite his murderer’s carefulness , a single yellow-green carpet fiber was foun... Free Essays on Trace Of Evidence Free Essays on Trace Of Evidence Trace of Evidence This article I chose was â€Å"Trace of Evidence† that was found on www.courttv.com. This article was about a serial killing taken place from 1979 to 1981 in Atlanta Georgia. Around the time of the killings, there had been found youths, more than 25 black men, some females and some as young as nine years old. They had all been strangled, bludgeoned, or asphyxiated. After police discovered these gruesome bodies they noticed that the only real clue the could notice was some kind of fiber threads and a few bore strands what seemed to be dog hair that were presence on several bodies and their clothing’s. Those specimens were all sent to the Georgia State Crime Laboratory for analysis, and technicians isolated two distinct types: a violet-colored acetate fiber and a coarse yellow-green nylon fiber with the type of trilobed qualities associated with carpets. The manufacture search was unsuccessful. The cases and discover of the fibers were showed on the news. The killer must have been watching every episode to keep up with what the police was finding out, shortly after police found bodies stripped and thrown into the river. Police thought that the killer must have thought that by throwing them into the water that it would wash away trace of evidence. The river killing was taken place at the Chatahoochee River. So police decided to do a steak out to see what they could find. On May 22, 1981, early morning hours, one of the police heard a loud splash. Leaving the river, police saw a white Chevrolet station wagon. When they pulled the car over, they learned that the driver’s name was Wayne Williams. He had indicated that he had thrown some old garbage into the water and the police let him go. After checking his story police found a 27-year-old man floating to the top. He had been dredged up about a mile from the bridge, and despite his murderer’s carefulness , a single yellow-green carpet fiber was foun...

Theory and Hypothesis in Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theory and Hypothesis in - Research Paper Example Because of a number of features of theory such as its internal consistency, its consistency with existing facts, its potential for making counter-intuitive prediction and because of its testability, the findings of the theory are not only relevant to theory’s explanations of events but they also help to corroborate the findings of other researchers. The hypothesis generally related with some theory has a greater chance of being correct than the common sense. Almost all scientific theories start as hypotheses. The more the theories are subjected to rigorous tests under a variety of conditions and assumptions and the more they hold up, the more credible they become over time. The relationship between the hypothesis and theory serves to challenge previously held views by introducing different sets of assumptions or more recent information besides expanding the boundaries of research by inferring new hypotheses from the theory using deductive logic and extrapolating them to new si tuations. I reviewed the research paper â€Å"Socioeconomic Status and Beliefs about God’s In?uence in Everyday Life" by Scott Schieman from the journal â€Å"The Sociology of Religion† to see how the author makes use of theory and hypothesis.

ISMG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

ISMG - Essay Example Big organizations preying on him might decide to give him a deal that he cannot turn down, thus leaving the organization. Subsequently, the organization would lose one of its lead coders. While looking for means of retaining is important, understanding that anything could happen to him, such a tragedy would help them think about this problem soberly. Although he had turned down a number of offers, it does not imply that he would live with IVK forever. One day he could decide to go, or retire. In any case, one day he has to leave. The best way of solving the problem therefore, is looking for individuals talented enough whose efforts when combined could make a substitute. 2. While hiring IT personnel, it is important to put into consideration a number of issues. Skills of the individual are important as IT as a profession requires adequate skills. Talent is yet another important element that managers should look at while determining the kind of people to hire in the IT department. Fina lly, the management needs to consider the experience of an individual while handling different systems or performing certain tasks. 3. Organizations use two different tradeoff methods while locating their IT departments, centralizing them or geographically decentralizing them. While each has its own advantages, it has its own limitations as well. While centralizing enables the monitoring of the operations as well as proper utilization of organizational resources, it has little impact on the depart5ment it is required most. However, it saves the organization additional expenses in maintaining the various branches. On the other hand, decentralization has a greater impact on the areas IT services are required, but increases organizational expenditures. Moreover, there is minimal supervision of the various departments. Chapter 16 1. Different organizations have different ways of drawing their budgets, and their investment plans. The level of expenditure in an organization ion a particu lar department in most cases depends on the size of the organization’s department. For instance, an organization that uses IT extensively could have an extensive expensive expenditure budget on IT, while another could have bigger budget for a different department. An organization should be willing to spend extensively on the particular department generating more income. However, there should be a limit, especially with reference to the organizational budget. While innovation is important to a manufacturing organization, it v could have insignificant impact to a different organization. As such, the ideal ration between the amounts that a firm spends on IT maintenance versus innovation projects depends on the organizational capacity and the importance of the two. 2. The kid’s toolkit approach method, if applied carefully by a manager could help them in avoiding mistakes while determining the best models to apply for their organizations. Although not a certified method, i t makes sense. For instance, by arguing that a manager’s ideas and thoughts were like a toolkit, which they should keep to themselves, it meant that managers, despite having the role of making the most important decisions in an organization, were not always right. Although they perceive their models as being better and superior than others, the geniuses of these is only possible through actual application in an organization

Globalgiving and environmental study of the organization Essay

Globalgiving and environmental study of the organization - Essay Example The present study focuses on an analysis of the environmental factors associated with the registered charity thus studying its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and realizing the competitive advantage of the organization in regard to its objectives and goals. In order to develop plans for any new project, or business and for the purpose of its marketing, often the need for a charity might occur. In such cases, registered charities are essential for the purpose to be fulfilled. Globalgiving is one such registered charity organization that allows the donation from donors in different projects as well as assist in the initiation of new projects across the US and the UK. The Globalgiving provides with the opportunities of getting connected to large number of donors as well as project initiators thus enhancing the chances and of the project or the business to reach out in the public. Through Globalgiving, the new projects have the opportunity to present their ideas and caus es behind along with contribution from the different donors for the successful achievement of the plan. In other words, new plans get the opportunity to raise funds by presenting their thoughts and participating in the challenges as organized by the organization. The micro environment factors associated with an organization include its customers, employees, suppliers, competitors, shareholders as well as the media. As far as the Globalgiving charity organization is concerned, the most effectively working factor is an excellent team. The organization believes in hiring people who are ardent and committed to their work. The purpose of the organization is to consider all the new and good plans for the achievement of a better world to live in. The team is accordingly worked out thus accepting and supporting the new and exciting plans for the common masses, as proposed by different individuals or groups (Our team, 2011). In regard to the customers and suppliers of the organization, it ca n be obtained that Globalgiving efficiently brings in the connection between the individuals or groups who are interested to donate for the causes and those who come up with the new plans and projects to be listed in the charity (How Globalgiving works, 2011). The macro environmental factors can be understood to be associated with the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal implications as reflected by the charity organization. As far as the Globalgiving charity is concerned, it can be realized that the organization has created a position of its own in the industry thereby having donors and new projects listed for its website. Its tendency of welcoming new plans can be understood to have a positive effect on the society as well as the economic conditions of business in a country. However, in this context it can also be stated that success of the organization and support of the new plans might be expected to create newer competitors for the charity organiz ations. In regard to Globalgiving as well, several other registered charities are available across the US and the UK

Threat Perception Of Singapore Toward Indonesia And Malaysia History Essay

Threat Perception Of Singapore Toward Indonesia And Malaysia History Essay The ability of economies of Southeast Asia particularly Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia are reflected in the rate of economic growth increased rapidly until 1997 (when the economic crisis started to hit), has encouraged and enabled the acquisition and armaments dynamics. Then from the perspective of having a model of technology (technological imperative), the development of the local defense industry can contribute to the dynamics of weaponry in Southeast Asia. The end of the Cold War allowed the development of production, in addition to the skills themselves also because of licensing manufacturers are no longer confined to the West. Dynamics armament that occurred in the post-Cold War will be investigated relation (interactive relationships and non-interactive) with the following variables: From the international environment, fundamental changes in the regional security configuration above, when the post-Cold War perceived by Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia as: 1. The shift in the defense structure that requires them to participate maintain and ensure their own interests by increasing the quality and quantity of weapons development; 2. The end of the cold war is perceived as a change in the security threat of global conflict threat to local security threat salience of intra and extra-regional conflicts; 3. Necessity countries in Southeast Asia to arm yourself with the increasing military projection of regional powers are viewed as the security dilemma, and 4. Improving the quality and quantity of armaments development of Southeast Asian countries is made possible and facilitated by the ease in the arms market. While the domestic environment post-cold war weapons impact the dynamics of Southeast Asian countries in terms of: 1. Improving the quality and quantity of armaments development of Southeast Asian countries is made possible and facilitated by the capabilities of the economy, and 2. Improving the quality and quantity of armaments development of Southeast Asian countries caused the development of the local defense industry as a manifestation of the importance of technology transfer to developing countries. To determine the dynamics armament and military posture of Singapore to Indonesia and Malaysia, can be seen through exposure to three key indicators comprising: 1. Expenditure budget military / defense; 2. Development of strength (personnel) of the armed forces, and 3. The dynamics of ownership / acquisition and deployment of the weapon. Spending budget military / defense of a country or group of countries, can be seen through several indicators: 1. Military spending in constant prices, expenses are calculated based on the fixed exchange rate (in this case the U.S. dollar) as a means of currency exchange official between countries; 2. Military spending in the price level walking, expenses are calculated based on the exchange rate of the local currency of each country; 3. Military spending as a proportion of GDP (Gross Domestic Product / GDP) of a country, 4. Military budget was calculated on the basis of proportion per capita (income per capita) of a country. The military budget is the clearest expression of the efforts of the nation to pay for security. Military spending is a commitment or funding organization for the purposes of securing and improving security of the state of the military threat, whether physical (real) or psychological (at the level of perception), internal or external. The use of the military budget of a country usually have a variety of functions following the financial system of each country, but generally allocated to the following: regular budget (salary) active and retired soldiers, buying new weapons, research and development, maintenance and operations, construction and development of infrastructure. The percentage allocation of each budget item, in addition to different each year, is different for each country corresponding financial capacity of each country. Chapter III Threat Perception of Singapore toward Indonesia and Malaysia Threat Perception Singapore As the newly established Singapore continue to seek salvation (survival), regularity (order), and prosperity, it is becoming a very dominant theme of political Singapore. Since I was in the British colonies, these themes are a concern in government policy, and it continued when he decided to join Malaysia in 1963. Threats to the safety of Singapore is still continuing, that when faced with the impact of Indonesias confrontation with Malaysia. To deal with a hostile regional environment (surrounded by a large country with a Muslim majority), Singapore, rapid economic development policies based on a domestic environment conducive designed, and far-reaching to guarantee its sovereignty. Since 1969, Singapore was able to consolidate the independence, stability, and survival until now. This success can not be separated from economic success and the investment community values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and quality of educated Singapore (Singapore Meritocracy). With the limitation s imposed by Singapore, both from natural resources, vast territory, and geopolitical position is not favorable due to the strategic location of the event as well as the world struggle for influence, the Singapore government to develop policies Foreign Politics in order to: 1. National Security: The location of the pinched and narrow area which is the dominant factor unfavorable to defense and security. Therefore, Singapore has always wary of Indonesia and Malaysia, where relations between the two countries have not harmonized with Singapore and to anticipate, Singapore developed: the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹the defense pact in Southeast Asia emphasizing terms Southeast Asian countries will not change borders by force and large countries guarantee the security of Southeast Asia, offers a military base for the U.S. military to improve the quality, support ZOPFAN, and still join the British Commonwealth. 2. National Building: National integration is a problem faced by Singapore as a multiethnic population. Singapore to Malaysia and Indonesia stressed that although China is the ethnic majority but Singapore is not China the third country. 3. Economic Survival:    The limitation of natural resources, Singapore relied economic needs of other countries even though such vital water supply from Malaysia. Singapore take advantage of its strategic location as a shipping traffic and world trade by opening a free port and enterport world. In addition, Singapore harness manufacturing industry development as the second pillar economy, which is export-oriented, labor-intensive and capital-intensive. Singapore is highly dependent on the world market and foreign investment to meet the needs of its economy. To that end, Singapore needs to create an atmosphere that is conducive to the smooth flow of investments into the country, especially by establishing a balance of power in Southeast Asia and regional cooperation. Spacious living room becomes very important country in terms of the strategic: for there shall apply strategies to exchange time with space, where the literal meaning is the availability / provision of certain parts of the space occupied by the enemy temporarily, while we prepare for a deadly counterattack, it is only be done if the state space is quite large. But what about Singapore, a country with a narrow then open only one option, namely: Pre-emptive Strike or attack before the enemy is ready. Why is that, in the absence of enough space to prepare for the logistical support (space or area behind), preparation for combat use (space or area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹communication), and is used to maneuver and hit the enemy (or space combat area) and when viewed in terms of strategy, vast state space to determine the level of security of the citizens (security feeling); meaning as a nation how they react and respond to threats from the outside. It is not surprising tha t the living space can influence or even determine the character of a nation. Even according to Morgenthau nations character is one of the factors that determine the strength and resilience of the nation. Conflicts of Chinesse Overseas Minorities in the Malay Peninsula.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Colonial Southeast Asia has left the term Overseas Chinese, which is still retained. But changes in the political atmosphere of the colonial era to independence has been fundamentally affect the meaning of the term Overseas Chinese is. In the colonial era the term Overseas Chinese referred to all ethnic of China (ie the bloody Chinese) who live outside the country of China and the claimed by the Chinese government as citizens. This claim is recognized byWestern nations who control and dominate Southeast Asia world politics and international law. By definition, it means that in Southeast Asia free term Chinese immigrants should be limited to ethnic Chinese who live outside China and the countries still maintain his Chinese citizenship. But this time the meaning Chinesse Overseas also includes those who have embraced citizenship as citizenship Southeast Asia Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and so on. Ethnic Chinese Malaysia Ethnic Chinese Malaysian Chinese is outside the country to be a citizen or permanent resident of Malaysia. Most of them are descendants of Chinese immigrants who arrived in Malaysia around the 15th century until the mid-20th century. In Malaysia, these people are generally referred to as Chinese in all languages. The term Chinese Malaysian is rather rarely used in this country. Early Chinese immigrants (from the 15th century in Malacca; 18th-century Penang) form a tribe of the Chinese Peranakan or Straits Chinese who converted many indigenous Malays gradually and differently (part of Penang, Malacca comprehensive), Malay , but still embrace origin. In turn, the subsequent arrivals (in the early 19th century) are still practicing traditional Chinese known as sinkheh (new guest). The Chinese in Malaysia practice community identity that is very different from the other, and rarely did intermarry with Malays for religious and cultural reasons. Under Malaysian law, ethnic intermarriage not require the Muslims to embrace her partner. Most Malaysian Chinese consider their chinesse as an ethnic identity, culture and politics. The Chinese dominated Malaysia since Malaysias economy for so long, but since the New Economic Association, introduced by the royal Malaysia to provide equity in the economic life of the country, so that their dominance in the economic life shrinks. Nevertheless, they still form the majority of simple and high-income groups in Malaysia. In 2006, there were 7 to 7.5 million Chinese in Malaysia. Until 2004, they became the richest nation in Malaysia with 40.9 mastery peratus amount of property the state economy. Riots May 13, 1969 in Malaysia May 13 Incident is a term for race riots between Chinese and Malays happened in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on May 13, 1969 that left at least 184 people died. In 1963, Malaysia suffered from a wealth disparity between the Chinese groups were generally merchants, who controlled most of the Malaysian economy, the poor, the Malay population. In addition, the Chinese also control most of the countrys wealth. Race riots in Singapore in 1964 is also one of the causes of the countrys exit from Malaysia (formerly Singapore was part of Malaysia), and racial tensions continue. Most Malays are not satisfied with the newly independent states that are willing to appease the ethnic Chinese with their spending. On May 10, 1969 elections, the ruling Alliance coalition led by the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) suffered a major defeat. Chinas largest party faction Democratic Action Party and the Movement got the vote, and the right to hold a victory parade through the path that has been set in Kuala Lumpur. However, the march was noisy and rough and deviate from the track and towards the Malay Kampong Bahru district. Although the Movement Party issued an apology the next day, UMNO announced a rival march from Selangor state chief Dato Harun bin Idris in Jalan Raja Muda. Reportedly, the gathering was told that the Malays are heading the procession was attacked by ethnic Chinese in Setapak, several miles north. The angry protesters quickly held a vengeance by killing two passing motorcyclists, and the riot exploded. When riots took place loudspeakers in mosques are used to encourage the rioters to continue their action. Rioters went into effect in the capital Kuala Lumpur and Selango r areas around the country, with the exception of minor disturbances in Malacca elsewhere in the country remains peaceful. National emergency and a curfew was announced on May 16 but reduced curfew in some parts of the country on May 18 and removed within a week in the center of Kuala Lumpur. According to police data, 184 people died and 356 were injured, 753 recorded cases of arson and 211 vehicles were destroyed or severely damaged. Other sources put the number who died around 196 people or even more than 200 people. Some even predicted the death toll reached 700 people as a result of the unrest. Issues of class and race that touches the emotions and sentiments of the main theme throughout the election campaign of 1969 resulted in an increased spirit of the Malays and Chinese in Malaysia. During the 1969 election campaign, candidates and members of political parties, especially from the opposition, raising sensitive issues related to national language (Bahasa Melayu), special position of the Malays (Bumiputera) and the democratic rights of non-Malays. This raises racial sentiment and suspicion. May 13 incident has sparked outrage in neighboring Singapore. Singapore Chinese people who are not happy with what happened to the Chinese Malaysian in Malaysia, began to riot ag ainst the Singapore Malays in Kampong Glam and Chinatown. Street barricades installed by the military to prevent further violence. But casualties are not as high as in Malaysia. Since May 13, 1969 racial riots that almost dragged the neighboring country to civil war raged on, the government took the initiative to create a policy package called the New Economic Association in 1971 aimed at addressing the economic gap between the Malays and Chinese. Policy that many believe has lifted the welfare of the ethnic Malays on one side, but the disadvantage of ethnic Chinese and Indians on the other side. With the governments New Economic Association Malaysia scoring rules requiring 30% stake owned by ethnic Malays, while 40% of non-Malay ethnic destined that included ethnic Chinese and Indians, and the remaining 30% for foreigners. The policy was successfully raised Malays economic downturn. Though slowly, the accumulation of capital in the hands of the Malays rose sharply from just 4% in 1970 to around 20% in 1997. In the education sector is also presented policy priority to ethnic Malays quota to be able to receive education easily in public universities. Although the quota applies only to 2003, no fewer ethnic minority criticized the policy of favoritism. Portion of 40% shareholding for non-ethnic Malays can not be denied is dominated by ethnic Chinese who are already showing its existence in the economy impressively long before Malaysia became independent in 1957. Between 1970 and 1990, the ethnic Chinese shareholdings experienced a significant spike up to 46%. Racial Conflict in Singapore On 16 September 1963, Singapore joined the Federation of Malaya together with Sabah and Sarawak. Political competition in the relationship between the People Action Party (PAP) with the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) of the rules of each party from Singapore and Malaysia have an impact on the history of the two countries today. Racial tensions increased dramatically in recent years when it was triggered by the Barisan Socialist tactics of communal sentiment against the federal government of Singapore and Malaysia. From the facts on the ground, the ethnic Chinese in Singapore felt insulted by the discriminatory treatment by federal policy regarding the actions of the group who agreed to recognize the privileges of the Malays in Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia. The policy also provides financial and economic benefits given special treatment to ethnic Malays. Lee Kuan Yew and other political leaders began to struggle for justice and equal treatment of all ethnic groups in Malaysia, with the slogan Malaysian Malaysia. Meanwhile, the Malays in Singapore were incited the federal government accusations that the PAP had committed abuses against ethnic Malays there. The political situation at the external level at that time also began to heat up when President Sukarno of Indonesia declared that free Indonesia confrontation against Malaysia and initiated military attacks and other actions against the new nation, including the bombing of MacDonald House (formerly known as the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Building) in Singapore on March 10, 1965 by Indonesia, which killed three Marines Singaporeans and also conduct activities to provoke the Malays against ethnic Chinese. The number of race riots that occurred led to the enactment of a curfew to secure areas vulnerable to unrest. One of the worst riots ever happened Ethnic Riots in Singapore is the first occurred in 1964 when the great day of the Prophets Birthday on July 21, 1964, which killed 23 people and injured 400. Three months later, 2 September 1964, the Indonesian army with volunteers from Malaysia raids, targeting Labis, also in the region of Johor, and for 72 hours back a new race riot burn Singapore. During the riots, food prices soared due to turmoil transport system resulting in difficulties in the community. State and federal government are also experiencing economic conflict, UMNO leaders are afraid that if the economic dominance of Singapore would inevitably political power Kuala Lumpur. Although the merger agreement at the beginning made to establish a common market, eliminating trade tariffs, and tackle unemployment, Singapore continued to face trade restrictions imposed Malaysia. In retaliation, Singapore refused to provide full credit for Sabah and Sarawak of the agreements that were made prior to the economic development in the two states. The intensity of the situation increased conversation that did not end as well as speeches and writings that became a widespread issue on both sides. And caused the leaders of UMNO extremists call the Lee Kuan Yew to be detained. After going so much competition in the field of economics and politics in the Federation of Malaya, and rampant racial riots inescapable that has claimed many victims on both sides. Finally, on August 9, 1965, Lee Kuan Yew announced the separation of Singapore from the Federation of Malaya, the decision was taken after Malaysian Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman decided to remove Singapore from the federation because it is an alternative to avoid further bloodshed On the same day, the decision This has also been approved by the Malaysian parliament with the results of voting 126-0 for the separation of Singapore. After the official Singapore separated from the Federation of Malaya, Singapore became an independent republic and sovereign with all the security and social issues that must be faced as the countrys newly established thus reaping a negative response from the international community over the issue. The Orientation of Singaporean Defence The Singapore Armed Forces (The Singapore Armed Forces) consists of three branches of the Army (the Singapore Army), Air Force (the Republic of Singapore Air Force / RSAF) and Navy (the Republic of Singapore Navy / RSN). Singapore Armed Forces to implement the obligation to its citizens to military service as an active army and reserve forces that can be driven more than 300,000 out of 72,500 active armed forces for the defense of the country. Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) as Singapores air defense command, while the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) is responsible for the defense of Singapore against the threat of piracy and protection of territorial boundaries. a. History Military Rule of Singapore began its strategic geographic location in which the exploitation of resource assets by foreign colonial natives and residents. Archeological excavations have been recovered from the remains of the port and fortress forms of the pre-colonial era in Singapore. Sir Stamford Raffles, the founder of modern Singapore has chosen Singapore in 1819 to build a new colony with a concentration on security for British interests in the Far East against the Dutch influence. Singapore thus play an active role against the interests of the British military for decades, especially in the years of world war. In 1965 Singapore gained independence, but Singapore has only two infantry regiments at that time commanded by British officers, and was formed by almost all foreigners. A small country surrounded by great neighbors led to Singapore should immediately establish a military force comparable to the countries before, so in the end Singapore secretly contacted Israel to send m ilitary experts to help Singapore build a model of the defense as part of the Force Armament Israel (The Israel Defense Forces). b. Defense Policy Deterrence and diplomacy has been a fundamental principle in Singapores military defense policy, military in recent years Singapore has developed an extensive network with the armed forces of other countries. Currently, Singapore is also increasing concerns about the security of international peace and relief operations, particularly in the security of peace operations in East Timor and the Gulf, and also in the handling of the tsunami catastrophe in the Indian Ocean in 2004, Nias Earthquake in 2005 and Earthquakes in Yogyakarta and Central Java in Indonesia in 2006. Based on the opinion of a military and strategic analyst Tim Huxley in Defending the Lion City, Singapore is known to apply the doctrine of military defense line, military doctrine is the level of military planning between national strategy and unit level planning tactics, techniques and procedures. In a statement to the press, the Ministry of Defence Singapore illustrates that the Singapore Armed Forces is the antidote to attacks from outside forces which prevent the war and if it fails, then quickly secured to achieve victory. c. Defense Total In 1984, the concept of Total Defence was introduced to reinforce the need for all countries, not only in the military field, but also contribute and work together on issues of national defense. Total Defence concept consists of five aspects, namely Military Defence, Civil Defence, Economic Defence, Social Defence, Defence Psychology. d. Army Personnel Strength Population size does not allow Singapore citizens to form a standing army entirely, for which in 1967 introduced the National Service to build a power source in any individual citizen or better known as the draft that can be driven quickly and effectively worth. Today, the armed forces numbered about 32,000 personnel career and coupled with the number 39,800 active military service in the National Service. Number of Main Singapore Armed Forces currently numbers 350,000 or commonly referred to as Operationally-Ready National Servicemen (ORNSmen) while the National Service (NS) is a term military service for all male Singapore citizens and second generation permanent residents who have reached the age of 18. Singapore Armed Forces policy leads nation in which the Malays have the same religion and the nation with the largest neighboring countries namely Malaysia Singapore and Indonesia which have been the source of controversy over the years. Malay people actually excluded from the obligation of military service from the beginning of the draft legislation between 1967 and 1977 and after the policy was issued, and then set out only to serve in the police and civil defense (fire brigade) and not active in the battle. In 1987, Lee Hsien Loong (second Defence Minister) said that if there is a conflict, in which the Singapore Armed Forces are called to defend the homeland, we do not want to put our soldiers in a difficult position where their emotional for the nation against the religion and then in and The Roar of the Lion City (2007), military analyst Sean Walsh claimed that official discrimination against the Malay population remains a nation that is open secret. Singapore Ministry of Defen ce confirmed an instruction to negate Pilot of the Malay race, Command Military and air defense personnel and issuing statements that the proportion of eligible Malays nation selected as a specialist and expert training is comparable to the proportion of non-Malay nation that meets the requirements. in National Service, women in military service, but was discharged after a turn in the position Experts such as assault and combat pilot, while the non-combat instance largely in the logistics in recent years. levels lineup positions available for women who have developed constantly, but still limited, the Singapore Air Force in July 2007 has been inaugurated an exhibition layout light contributed to women in the armed forces. e. National Service National Service was compulsory military service for male citizens who have reached the age of 18 years and this obligation can not be suspended for educational reasons. Full-time national service (NSF) in the first three years of the commission and another two years in office, but was later changed to two years and six months for the army with the rank of Corporal or higher on it, and two years for the post of Lance Corporal or lower underneath. In June 2004 the NSF back shorten the period to two years of compulsory military service for all men who work full time, this is due to changes in population demographics and recruitment of soldiers in each year. During stints at the NSF, the soldiers will be considered to the extent of their preparedness deployed in the field (operationally-ready date) or known as operationally-ready national servicemen (NSmen). Most NSmen to undergo military training in a turnaround time of 10 years military service in the placement of the unit, and then b e on call every year for training, training courses and other physical tests. f. Training All the attacking force must follow a three-month basic training (Basic Military Trainning) at the Basic Military Training Centre, located off the coast of Pulau tekong, or at a specified military units directly. Recruitment is done by a process such as skills courses in the field of battle, in the forest for basic survival, camouflage, individual weapons training operation, and marksmanship. During the training, they are also required to take a skills program and potential positions after which they were placed in Officer Cadambilet School or the School of Infantry Specialists respectively. In the recruitment process have also put them in different units or schools, where they can continue in specialized vocational training. g. Military Education At first, officials commissioned officer rank officers from Singapore after they obtain advanced level A or level of the General Certificate of Education which began in the third training. At the time of the recruitment process has been reduced, the Singapore Armed Forces still criticized the use of the promotion system based more on education and scholarships than proving proficiency graduates. The officers receive initial training at three institutions namely leadership Officer Cadet School (OCS) at the SAFTI Military Institute (SAFTI MI) is a headquarters of the Corps Officer, then as they progress, they can proceed to the formal military education at the SAF Advanced Schools and in the Singapore Command and Staff College are also located in the SAFTI Military Institute (SAFTI MI). An officer is a member of the armed forces, naval or other armed services have a responsibility to the position. Officer Cadet School (OCS) is one of several training bases established in SAFTI Military Institute as a whole where the SAFTI Military Institute is a Singapore military training institution specialized training of officers of the Singapore Armed Forces, one of the Singapore Command and Staff College ( SCSC) which is one of five schools that are owned by officers SAFTI Military Institute. At the same time, the program was first given skill is leadership training at the School of Infantry Specialists (SISPEC) at the headquarters of Sand Gain which is the headquarters of the Warrant Officer and Specialist Corps, then in the following year Platoon Sergeant and Sergeant Major Company receives further instructions of Advanced Specialist Training Wing (ASTW) in SISPEC. School of Infantry Specialists (SISPEC) is a military training center for skills program in the Singapore Armed Forces, based in Pasir Profit is an installation of the Singapore Armed Forces. In most armed forces are in charge of controlling platoon sergeant platoon members, guiding and supporting the command of his platoon in the lead units each. Officer Cadet School (OCS) and the School of Infantry Specialists (SISPEC) has a basic curriculum infantry, especially for the training of the armed forces officers and WOSPECs headed by various training institutions such as the SAF Medical Training Institute (SMTI), Signals Institute (SI), Engineer Training Institute (ETI), Armour Training Institute (ATI), Supply Transport Centre (STC), Ordnance Engineering Training Institute (OETI). h. Defence Foreign Relations Singapore is a member of the Five Power Defence Arrangement with the UK, Australia, New Zealand and Malaysia, FPDA defense is designed to replace the role of English in Singapore and Malaysia, FPDA requires its members to consult on any issues threat to the external defense of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth which is headquartered in Singapore. FPDA is a series of defense cooperation relationship established under a bilateral agreement between the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia and Singapore signed in 1971. Singapore has consistently supported full U.S. military presence in the Asia Pacific region. In 1990, the United States and Singapore have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to allow the United States Air Force for access to military facilities in Singapore Paya Lebar Airbase and the Sembawang wharf. After signing a memorandum of understanding earlier, the U.S. Navy logistics unit established in Singapore in 1992, and then the attacker aircraft belonging to the United States started flying periodically to Singapore for exercises including U.S. warships. In 1999, a memorandum of understanding containing amended to permit U.S. warships docked at the pier for Changi. The Singapore Armed Forces is also intended for international humanitarian assistance mission that includes the UN peacekeeping force in foreign countries such as Kosovo, Kuwait, and East Timor, including participating in the multinational forces in Iraq, sending four military CH-47 Chinook helicopters and 45 personnel to assist rescue and evacuation of victims of Hurricane Katrina in the United States as well as providing equipment and medicine for the dental health of the people of Afghanistan. Threats toward Singapore Singapore is a small country if the terms of geographical size and its natural resources. Singapores majority ethnic Chinese population is in the neighboring countries whose population is ethnic Malay majority and a much larger geographic size, population, and natural resources so that Singapore has always always be in the region of uncertainty. These conditions will determine Singapores national security concept. Furthermore, Singapores national secu

The Importance of Dreaming and Sleeping Essay -- Dreaming Dreams Psych

The Importance of Dreaming and Sleeping Dreams and dreaming is an important part of our lives. They’re a reliable source of insight, personal enrichment, and life affirming revelations. Dreams are the language of a person's subconscious mind. Before a person starts to dream, there are certain cycles or stages that a person goes through in their sleep. Sleeping is important to our lives. Many people spend about twenty five years sleeping and dreaming. There are four-ninety minute stages of sleep that a person goes through a night. To begin with stage one. This is when breathing is regular, heart rate slows down, and blood pressure decreases. A person could still be awake during this stage. Slowly the person drifts to stage two. During this stage, the person is unaware of what is going on in the outside surroundings. As the person falls deeper into sleep, the person goes into stage three and four. It is harder to wake someone up when they reached this stage. It takes about an hour for a person to go through all four stages. Yet, not everyone goes through all of these stages a night. Throughout the night, stages four and five repeated. REM (rapid eye movement) takes place when a person is at the deepest level of sleep. In REM, eyes move quickly under the eyelid. Dreaming takes place at this stage. Dreams occur more often and they are more real at this stage. These dreams are story like, intense, and passionate. (Encarta-psychology, CD-ROM) There are many ways to look at dreams. The psychoanalytic, biological, and cognitive views of dreaming. In psychoanalytic view, Freud came up with a theory called the "wish-fulfillment theory." Wish-fulfillment theory is " dream a interpretation that emphasizes the roles of the manifestation content of dreams" (Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy, 139). In a psychoanalytic view, they say that dreams are hidden signs of suppresses needs. In a biological perspective, they believe that dreams are not important- they are stimulation of brain cells. In a cognitive view, they believe dreams are an important part of information processing. (Huffman,Vernoy,and Vernoy, 140) There are no proven facts on why we dream. This is why there are a lot to go with these theories on dreaming. There alot of dream theorists that wrote on why people dream. Freud was always enchanted by dreams. He believed tha... ...(Encarta, Psychology, CDROM)These people say the dreams are important to live a full and complete life. It is difficult for us to study dreams and how they work while we’re sleeping. People can only decide for themselves and believe what they was to believe in. Only the dreamer can determine what is right or wrong. Outline I. Introduction to sleep A. Introduction statement II. Typical sleep cycle A. stages of sleep B. dreaming sleep III. Theories of sleep A. Freud’s theory B. Jung’s theory VI. Understanding dreams A. Self understandin B. Scientific understanding Bibliography 1.Encarta Psychology CD ROM 2.Karen Huffman, Mark Vernoy, Judith Vernoy PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION Wiley John and Son. Inc. COPYRIGHT 1999 3.The CG Jung page HTTP//:WWW.CGJUNG.COM 4. The Sigmund Freud page HTTP//:WWW.LANDOW.BROWN.EDU Ps: to the person who gets this i got this with no bibliography or outline and every word and sentence was wrong but i did no reasearch and thats the part that worked for me and i used the internet to fine suitable pages and book titles hehe well hope your teacher likes it The Importance of Dreaming and Sleeping Essay -- Dreaming Dreams Psych The Importance of Dreaming and Sleeping Dreams and dreaming is an important part of our lives. They’re a reliable source of insight, personal enrichment, and life affirming revelations. Dreams are the language of a person's subconscious mind. Before a person starts to dream, there are certain cycles or stages that a person goes through in their sleep. Sleeping is important to our lives. Many people spend about twenty five years sleeping and dreaming. There are four-ninety minute stages of sleep that a person goes through a night. To begin with stage one. This is when breathing is regular, heart rate slows down, and blood pressure decreases. A person could still be awake during this stage. Slowly the person drifts to stage two. During this stage, the person is unaware of what is going on in the outside surroundings. As the person falls deeper into sleep, the person goes into stage three and four. It is harder to wake someone up when they reached this stage. It takes about an hour for a person to go through all four stages. Yet, not everyone goes through all of these stages a night. Throughout the night, stages four and five repeated. REM (rapid eye movement) takes place when a person is at the deepest level of sleep. In REM, eyes move quickly under the eyelid. Dreaming takes place at this stage. Dreams occur more often and they are more real at this stage. These dreams are story like, intense, and passionate. (Encarta-psychology, CD-ROM) There are many ways to look at dreams. The psychoanalytic, biological, and cognitive views of dreaming. In psychoanalytic view, Freud came up with a theory called the "wish-fulfillment theory." Wish-fulfillment theory is " dream a interpretation that emphasizes the roles of the manifestation content of dreams" (Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy, 139). In a psychoanalytic view, they say that dreams are hidden signs of suppresses needs. In a biological perspective, they believe that dreams are not important- they are stimulation of brain cells. In a cognitive view, they believe dreams are an important part of information processing. (Huffman,Vernoy,and Vernoy, 140) There are no proven facts on why we dream. This is why there are a lot to go with these theories on dreaming. There alot of dream theorists that wrote on why people dream. Freud was always enchanted by dreams. He believed tha... ...(Encarta, Psychology, CDROM)These people say the dreams are important to live a full and complete life. It is difficult for us to study dreams and how they work while we’re sleeping. People can only decide for themselves and believe what they was to believe in. Only the dreamer can determine what is right or wrong. Outline I. Introduction to sleep A. Introduction statement II. Typical sleep cycle A. stages of sleep B. dreaming sleep III. Theories of sleep A. Freud’s theory B. Jung’s theory VI. Understanding dreams A. Self understandin B. Scientific understanding Bibliography 1.Encarta Psychology CD ROM 2.Karen Huffman, Mark Vernoy, Judith Vernoy PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION Wiley John and Son. Inc. COPYRIGHT 1999 3.The CG Jung page HTTP//:WWW.CGJUNG.COM 4. The Sigmund Freud page HTTP//:WWW.LANDOW.BROWN.EDU Ps: to the person who gets this i got this with no bibliography or outline and every word and sentence was wrong but i did no reasearch and thats the part that worked for me and i used the internet to fine suitable pages and book titles hehe well hope your teacher likes it

Admission Essay for Mba Essay

The quest for knowledge is unlimited as are the human wants. Perception is the basic idea behind every accomplishment. The field of business administration in itself is a line with inquisitive and progressive future. The very immediate applicability of the subject and its consequent results on improvisation of society on whole is a rewarding experience to go through. The one thing in present day and in future that will remain constant will be the progress and development of mankind. Thus the focus will inevitably be on developing the business structure. This being one of the main factors that directly reflect any countries growth and index of development has scope for challengeable and innovative future. The very beauty of this field which inclined me towards it is the fact that this field is never confined and ever emerging by bounding and integrating with different fields towards extracting the best we can do! See more: Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essay Ever since my childhood I was always fascinated by the way a business works. I always showed interest towards the working of a business and from my schooling I used to accompany my father in his business. I used to help him with maintaining accounts and learnt various business tactics. Today when choosing a specialization it is a great relief that what I want to pursue is not only a fast developing and long lasting field but also a subject of immense interest to me. Combined by my full commitment and wholehearted interest towards the subject and after judging the applicability of my decision towards my career’s progress I can say with full satisfaction that this is the best that I can do from personal and productive point of views. Apart from the academic interest, I expanded my thirst for knowledge by presenting different technical papers at national and state levels. A few of my papers are Export Documentation, Import Documentation, Working of a Retail Outlet, few Finance related papers and Accounting Projects. All these activities during my course and the interest generated from the projects attracted me more towards the field of Business Administration which supported my childhood interest. I was able to increase my intra personal traits by playing a major role in organizing the events of ARTHASHASTRA, a state level commerce students festival organized by Commerce Organization For Emerging Entrepreneurs (COFEE) at our institution which created a perfect platform for exposing myself in both leadership qualities and monitoring skills, which created lot of zeal to counteract the surrounding situations. As the United States education system is the polestar for other nations, I therefore chose to opt for USA for my higher education. Furthermore, I hardly need to mention that Franklin University being among the reputed schools for Business Administration would provide the best in terms of opportunities, infrastructural facilities and academically stimulating environment. My intended areas of specialization in the Graduate program in the Business Administration at Franklin University (Columbus, OH) is Masters in Business Administration (MBA) in order to pursue a carrier in business administration and experience the excitement and satisfaction of being associated with this vast and expanding field. Finally I would like to add that the essence of University education lies in the synergic relationships between the student and his department. I am confident that I will match the high standards set by the University. I thus feel that a Graduate study at Franklin University will be the most logical extension of my academic pursuits and a major step towards achieving my objectives. I would definitely boost my ambitions if I am given the opportunity to pursue my higher studies at Franklin University with suitable financial assistance and I am confident that I will be able to justify your faith in me.

Elasticity of Demand Essays

Elasticity of Demand Essays Elasticity of Demand Paper Elasticity of Demand Paper The purpose of this essay is to define elasticity of demand, cross-price elasticity, income elasticity, and explain the elastic coefficients for each. I will explain the contrast of and significance of difference between the three. I will also explain whether demand would tend to be more or less elastic for availability of substitutes, share of consumer income devoted to a good, and consumer’s time horizon, and give examples of each. Then, I will explain the logical impacts to business decision making that result from each. Last, I will differentiate between perfectly inelastic demand and perfectly inelastic demand, and illustrate the difference between the terms. Elasticity of demand, also known as price demand elasticity, is defined as the measurement of â€Å"the responsiveness of demand for a product following a change in its own price† (tutor2u. net). Sales may increase when a price goes down. Sales may also decrease when prices go up. Examples of products with elasticity of demand are appliances and cars. When prices go down on cars, more people will buy them. The same can be said for appliances. For necessities such as food and clothes, you will see no significant change in sales with changes in price. This is called inelasticity of demand (business dictionary. com). According to Mike Moffatt, former About. com Guide, the cross-price elasticity of demand measures the rate of response of quantity demanded of a good, due to the price change of another good†. Consumers may purchase more of one good when the price of its substitute increases. If the two goods are complements, meaning, you can’t have one without the other, a rise in the price of one good should cause the demand for both goods to fall. The formula for cross-price demand of elasticity is: (% Change in Quantity Demand for Good )/(% Change in Price for Good ) (economics. about. com). The measurement of how much the demand for goods change, with respect to a change in income, depends on whether the goods are luxuries or necessities. This measurement is known as income elasticity. With the increase of income, the demand for necessities may increase, also, but at a slower rate. Sometimes the increase in income can go toward luxuries. The demand for luxuries tends to increase at a higher rate in response to the increase of income (investopedia. com). Inferior goods have negative income elasticity because if a consumer can go without them, they will stop buying them. According to The Penguin Dictionary of Economics, â€Å"a good that is not inferior is a normal good† (inferior good (2003)). A normal good can become inferior over a period of time. An example of this is when a small apartment that you no longer have the need for because of a growing family. Normal goods have a positive elasticity because the demands for normal goods rise with income. The coefficient of income elasticity measures the percentage in change between two variables. The two variables are demand and income (IED= % change in quantity demanded/ % change in income) (Amosweb. com). Normal necessities and normal luxuries have positive coefficients because income and demand move in the same direction. Although the coefficient for inferior goods is usually negative, they can turn into a positive over a period of time. For example, in a recession, the need for an inferior good may become a necessity, thus increasing the demand for that good (tutor2u. net). The coefficient for cross-price elasticity is the percentage of change in demand of a product (a) /change in price of a product (b) (Wikipedia. org). This formula sometimes yields a negative value due to the relationship between price and quantity demanded. It also depends on if the goods are substitutes or complements. For a substitute, the increase in price for one good (a) will lead to the increase in demand for the other good (b), which makes the value of goods positive (economicsconcepts. com). This depends on if variable (a) is a necessity. In this case, the demand for that good may not change because of a change in price. According to J. Welkers, cross elasticity for complementary goods are negative because an increase in price of a product decreases the demand for that product (welkerswikinomics). The coefficient for elasticity of demand measures the relationship between two variables. A formula for figuring out the coefficient of elasticity of demand is: (percentage change in quantity) / (percentage change in price). The coefficient will be the percentage change in quantity demanded in response to a one percent change in price, and will determine is if the demand for a good is elastic (eod1) or inelastic (eod1). Knowing the coefficient for the demand of a product gives a business the edge because they will know when to make adjustments to price in order to increase the demand for a product. Cross-price elasticity, Income elasticity, and Elasticity of demand all have different coefficient ormulas. The difference between cross-price elasticity and income elasticity is that cross-price elasticity measure the percentage of change in demand of a product in relation to change in price, while income elasticity measures changes in demand in relation to changes in income. The difference between these two and elasticity of demand is that elasticity of demand measures the re sponsiveness of demand to a change in price. Elasticity of demand determines whether a company can increase or reduce their price on a product, and is therefore detrimental to a company that is trying to maximize their profits. Cross-price elasticity is similar, because it allows a company to market a product based on an estimate of the profit they believe they will make if they promote the sale of a good that’s already in demand by offering the complement at a discount to the consumer with a purchase. Once the consumer becomes a habitual buyer of the product, they are less sensitive to price changes. Knowing the income elasticity of demand for a good allows a business or firm to determine if a good is elastic or inelastic, meaning it may or not be sensitive to change in income (economics. about. om). These are the three determinants of elasticity demand: Availability of substitutes, share of consumer income devoted to a good, and consumer’s time horizon. â€Å" A good or service is considered to be highly elastic if a slight change in price leads to a sharp change in the quantity demanded or supplied† (investopedia. com). The availability of substitutes is very important because, the m ore substitutes you have the more elastic the demand will be. An example of elasticity of demand in relation to availability of substitutes is having two brands of the same shirt. If the price increases for the name brand shirt, consumers may begin buying the off brand shirt, instead. This leads to elasticity of demand. In order to make a profit, a business would have to increase the price for the good (investopedia. com). The logical impacts to business decision making that result from the availability of substitutes is a business will have to decrease their prices in order to stay competitive in the market. This is as a result of a decrease in demand. In order to reach equilibrium, prices will have to decrease before demand will rise (mindtools. com). The share of a consumer’s income they are willing to devote to a good or service will determine the elasticity of demand for a good. Elasticity of demand will vary, depending on the consumers’ perception of the value of a good. When a price increase on a product has a larger share of the consumer’s income, demand for the product may become more elastic because the consumer may buy less of the product. An example is when the price of paper towels goes up $1 a roll, and you have to reduce the amount you usually buy. But when a price increase only takes a small share of a consumer’s income, the opposite is correct. A consumer will buy more of a product, especially when it’s a brand name that they are true to. It really depends on how much of a jump in price it is, as well. Sometimes, they will just continue to buy the same amount of a good when there is a small increase in price. This makes the demand for a product less elastic because price has no or a relatively small effect on the quantity. A price increase on a good can make it seem more attractive. For example, when the price of gas goes up, consumers will adjust to the price change out of necessity. Price increase will hardly affect the demand for gas. The impact a consumer’s income devoted to a good has on a business’s decision making is when considering a price change, a business will need to know the effect the change in price will have on total revenue (en. wikipedia. org). They will need to estimate how sensitive the consumer will be to a price increases for a good, whether it is a necessity, luxury, normal or inferior good. The effect that a consumer’s time horizon has on elasticity of demand depends on the price elasticity in terms of necessity. If the product is a necessity to a consumer and there is no substitute, the consumer will continue buying that product (tutor2u. net). This makes the product inelastic or less elastic. If the consumer can find a substitute in the long run, and the price remains the same, the product will eventually become more elastic. An example of this is when a consumer faithfully purchases a case of cigarettes every week, but the price has increased by $5 because of a rise in taxes. The consumer’s income cannot support the increase in price. He can either cut back on consumption of this product or look for its substitute if there is any. If the consumer cuts back or stops buying the product as a result of a price increase, the decrease in demand will cause it to become more elastic. The logical impact that consumer time horizon has on a business’ decision making is that it determines the elasticity of demand for a product. If the price increases by even a small percentage, over time the demand will decrease. If there is no substitute for this product, it may still increase in elasticity, but at a slower rate. Perfectly elastic demand and Perfect inelastic demand effect price elasticity. When demand is perfectly elastic, any small decrease in price will increase the quantity supplied, infinitely. This is represented in a horizontal supply curve of the graph below. In contrast, when demand is perfectly inelastic, for any change in price, there is no change in the quantity demanded. This is represented in a vertical supply curve below (pinkmoney. com). The relationship between elasticity of demand and total revenue can aid a firm in setting its price. In relation to inelastic range of a demand curve, a price decrease would decrease total revenue (elasticity of demand (1995)). By increasing prices and minimizing demand, total revenue can be increased. For elastic range, if the price decreases, demand and total revenue will increase. Therefore, a company can maximize profit by decreasing their price if they have an elastic demand. The value of unitary elasticity is exactly 1, and defines a perfect response of quantity to price. If demand is unitary elastic range, change in price will cause the exact change in demand and revenue (amosweb. com). In a unit elastic supply curve, a 10% increase in price yields a 10% increase in quantity; a unit elastic demand curve will have a decrease in quantity of 10% with a price decrease of 10%. Below is a graph referencing the relationship between total revenue and elasticity of demand. (Businessbookmall. com) References amosweb. com/cgi-bin/awb_nav. pl? s=wpdc=dspk=income+elasticity+of+demand amosweb. com/cgi-bin/awb_nav. pl? s=wpdc=dspk=demand+elasticity+and+total+expenditure businessdictionary. com/definition/elasticity-of-demand. html businessbookmall. com/economics_19_how_elasticity_of_demand_affects_total_revenue. htm http://economics. about. com/cs/micfrohelp/a/cross_price_d. htm http://en. wikipedia.