Religious Freedom And Freedom Of Speech - 1186 Words

Religious freedom and freedom of speech have been enshrined in American law since the late 18th century. Both are found in the First Amendment to the US Constitution and have been at the center of some of the most important Supreme Court cases in history. From Texas v. Johnson to Lemon v. Kurtzmann, religious freedom and freedom of speech have shaped discourse more so than any other fundamental rights in America. Yet now more so than ever, the issue of religious belief versus freedom of speech has permeated American society. This can most clearly be seen in Masterpiece Cakeshop, Ltd. v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission, a highly controversial legal case making its way through the Supreme Court. Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado began in†¦show more content†¦The determination of the commission was upheld by the Colorado Supreme Court and Phillips appealed the decision to the Supreme Court, which agreed to hear the case in June 2017 (Howe). The court will hear oral arguments in December 2017 (â€Å"Calendar of Events†). The fundamental question at this point is whether or not businesses can refuse to provide goods and/or services to homosexual couples. On one side of the issue, one can find those who believe that businesses must be required by law to provide goods and services to LGBT people upon request. According to this paradigm, a bakery must provide a wedding cake to an interracial couple regardless of how much that business opposes interracial marriage. A fundamental part of this point of view is the argument from Civil Rights. In short, these laws that require businesses to serve all â€Å"ensure that people previously subject to discrimination can go about their day to day life, without worrying whether they will be turned away from a store because of who they are (ACLU Staff).† Under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, it is illegal for businesses to refuse service to any individual on the basis of â€Å"race, color, religion, sex or nat ional origin (History.com Staff).† In the case of Masterpiece v. Colorado, Colorado’s Anti-Discrimination Act bars public accommodations from denying service to individuals based on their race, religion, sexual orientation, and more (One Colorado). InShow MoreRelatedFree Speech And Religious Freedom1470 Words   |  6 Pagestheir point across. At the start of 2016, authorities â€Å"increased restrictions on civil society groups critical of the government†, so they used â€Å"overboard sedition, criminal defamation and hate speech laws to harass minorities’ views† (Human Rights Watch : India Today). Free Speech and Religious Freedom is important to Hindu Minorities and the government should have no objection towards the sacrifice and fighting spirit these people have to get their point across, so going against their act of civilRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Bill Of Right : Freedom Of Religion And Freedom1460 Words   |  6 Pages Civil liberties are individual freedoms which are protected from the government by the Bill of Rights. There were historical backgrounds to guarantee the freedom. Although they are ruled in the Constitution, it is not easy to protect the diversity and individual freedom in the society, and not all conflicts have been settled today. Yet, people are in a process to improve democratic society which is not a finished product, and freedom in all its forms improves itself over time. I am going to explainRead MoreThe Framers Intent Paper911 Words   |  4 Pagesthat affect everyone on a daily basis. The first amendment involves freedom of religion, speech, assembly, and the press. The original intent of for freedom of speech, along with current views, events, opinions, an evaluation of the affects of Supreme Court decisions, and considerations for the future of this clause will be discussed. Original intent of freedom of speech The original intent of the clause of freedom of speech is difficult to point-out. There were several framers of the UnitedRead MoreThe Amendment And Freedom Of Speech1545 Words   |  7 Pages The 1st amendment was made to guarantee freedoms in the field of expression assembly, religion, and ones rights to petition. It prohibits congress men from promoting ones religious practices and also supporting ones faith over another. It also forbids the congress men from disturbing and obscuring the freedom of the press to express itself and also the freedom of speech per individual. It also assures the right of each civilian to petition the regime to redress accusations and gather peacefullyRead MoreDeath Of A Social Work1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Amendment guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly and the right to petition. In the case of religion and expression, there is a case that highlights both. In 2001, Emily Brooker attended Missouri State University in pursuit of a Social Work degree. In the fall of 2005, Emily was a senior and was faced with making the pressing decision to complete an assignment or fight for her First Amendment rights. She ultimately chose to fight with the help of prominent attorneysRead MoreThe Preamble Of The United States Constitution903 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter understand our United States Constitution. When the Framers coin the phrase, â€Å"secure the blessings of liberty†, it means that citizens of the United States of America have freedoms that cannot be taken away by anyone and it limits the power of the United States government to ensure us â€Å"We the People†, of these freedoms. This phrase goes along with what is stated in our Declaration of Independence that, all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienableRead MorePersecution and Protection of Religious Beliefs Around the World814 Words   |  4 Pageshuman rights has recog nized the right of manifestation of the religion , still there are religious conflicts around the world. There still happen revolutions with religious bases. People are still deprived of the right of applying their religion, while some other are being killed because of their religion views. These happenings can trigger the idea that there should be a special provision in protection of religious liberties. It seems to me that there is not any specialty in religion that should beRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1321 Words   |  6 Pagesincredibly difficult and unjust to promote a system to which state authority prevents speech that they find offensive. It is nearly impossible and impractical for a state entity to understand what can and can’t be considered offensive, and what is offensive to some and not to others. That is why the harm principle is a great principle to understand the limits of how far free speech should and can go. Free speech should be protected an d promoted so long as it does not create credible harm to anotherRead MoreThe Right Of Free Speech And Freedom Of Press1363 Words   |  6 PagesThe right many Americans take for granted every day is the ability to speak to one another and to express their opinions through verbal and non-verbal means of communication. The First Amendment provides the right of free speech and freedom of press to the people. The Bill of Rights, also known as the first 10 amendments to the Constitution went into effect on Dec. 15, 1791, when the state of Virginia ratified it, giving the bill the majority of ratifying states required to protect citizens fromRead More Youth and the First Amendment Essay example1162 Words   |  5 Pagesthe First Amendment Many freedom of speech and expression issues that receive media attention have to do with the adult population and what they feel their rights are. What many fail to recognize is the fact that the youth today are also dealing with freedom of speech and expression issues in their own lives. The freedom of speech and expression issues that young people deal with are just as important and are handled in the same manner as any other freedom of speech issue. Three articles from

Why Was Alexander Hamilton And Benjamin Franklin

My presentation is on why the pictures of American presidents are placed on money, and what the other symbols on money mean. I will also discuss why Alexander Hamilton and Benjamin Franklin are also on American money, despite the fact that they never served as President of the United States, and I will compare the symbols and portraits of Turkish lira to the symbols and portraits on the American dollar. Here are some interesting facts about American money: The United States Mint was created by Congress in 1792, tasked with creating and circulating official coinage. The Mint had the authority to convert any precious metals, like gold or silver, into standard coinage for anyone s account with no charge. President George Washington and Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton asked Congress to pass the Coinage Act of 1792, which established the dollar as the basic unit of money for the United States. The word â€Å"dollar† is prounounced from the German word â€Å"thaler† , which means â€Å"coin†. Because of the lack of silver and gold mines in the United States, currency from other countries was allowed to be used to buy and sell goods and services until 1857, when silver and gold mines started to generate sufficient metal. In 1863, the National Banking Act was signed by President Abraham Lincoln, making the dollar the sole currency of the United States. A U.S. Note, also known as a Legal Tender Note, was paper money issued from 1862 to 1971 in the U.S. They earned the nameShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes A Great Leader?2212 Words   |  9 PagesMany people are responsible for providing Americans with the freedoms we have today. Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton were great world leaders due to their contributions to society, government, and public relations. In general, these men have contributed to our country in many ways; for example, they drafted the United States Constitution. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and Joh n Jay published the Federalist Papers. Thomas Jefferson wrote the first draft of the DeclarationRead MoreFounding Brothers by Joseph J. Ellis Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pagesshow just why they deserve to be called, founding brothers. There were several issues in which the founding brothers found themselves on opposite sides of an issue. In the case of Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton, Hamilton had questioned Burr’s qualifications in Burr’s run for governor of New York. One situation lead to another issue in which the line between personal and political criticism was blurred which lead to Burr ultimately challenging Hamilton to a duel. In another case, Hamilton had beenRead MoreRespectability: Politics in Early America in Founding Brothers by Joseph J. Ellis1507 Words   |  7 Pagesit affected their treatment of each other. This shows why they fought and worked together the ways they did and why they left certain issues closed, and others open to later interpretation. I appreciate Ellis used journals, letters, newspapers and other public documents to see into the minds and lives of the founders, and the various quotes portray the depth of the founders’ feelings very well. Overall, while co nfusing at times, the book was engaging and displayed the Founding Fathers in a varietyRead MoreAp Us Questions1624 Words   |  7 Pages Summer Assignment Francis Lewis HS 1. What distinguished the American Revolution from others? The American Revolution was different from all other revolutions because it was the first successful attempt that established a government. Another thing that distinguished this revolution from the others is that it did not occur from within. 2. Why does Ellis think this is significant? Ellis thinks that the distinguishing factors are significant because the American Revolution helpedRead MoreWhat Are The Flaws Of The Founding Fathers?1385 Words   |  6 Pagescoast to coast, with the obelisk of the Washington Monument on the east coast to Mount Rushmore on the north border of the United States to our everyday money; the founding fathers are quite prevalent in our society. Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, and John Adams have influenced American society immediately at the start and still continue to do so today. The book in which I have chosen to research goes into great depth of the lives of the foundingRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The Us Constitution1746 Words   |  7 Pagesprotected from intrusion by government. These documents have been a beacon to all men and women who value freedom. They are just as meaningful now as when they were written. As the American statesman Henry Clay said, â€Å"The Constitution of the United States was not made merely for the generation that then existed but for posterity – unlimited, undefined, endless, perpetual posterity.† The Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution were written with the intent that they could be easily read and understoodRead MoreFounding Brothers : The Revolutionary Generation Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pageschallenges. â€Å"Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation† talks about this challenges and events in different sections that focus on seven historical figures at the time: George Washington, John and Abigail Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, and Adam Burr. Joseph J. Ellis talked about six events, in six chapters, from the time in American history that shaped the ideas that created the United States government that is known today. The chapters are called as followed TheRead More Age Of Reason Essay988 Words   |  4 Pagesspirituality for a sense of control and understanding in their lives. Not until the years of the age of reason was there an alternative proposed for a better method of interpreting things. This alternative method was science. Although scientific thought spread rapidly, religion was not forgotten. Religion controlled many things science could not. It gave people a sense of why they are here and why things occur. This understanding results in sanity and calmness. During the age of reason, people who keptRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph J. Ellis s The Long Run 1913 Words   |  8 PagesIntro: Joseph J. Ellis starts out by stating in his preface that the American Revolution was both necessary and inevitable. The Revolution has been described as something that was already preordained, that, with the direction things had been headed in, the Revolution was bound to occur. With the size and power of the British army and navy, the rebellious disrupters in America should have been knocked down almost immediately, by logic’s rules. Adjacent to this lies Ellis’ statement that, â€Å"in the longRead MoreSeparation of Church and State, or Not? Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesMany people say that this phrase is backed up by the First Amendment. Before â€Å"separation of church and state† was believed by many, schools could use quotes that made a spiritual impact, children could pray in school, and if a public school hung the Ten Commandments up it was not questioned. There were fewer problems in the United States before the 1960s. Statistics show there was less violence, premarital sex, sexually transmitted diseases, divorce, and the scores on the SAT were higher. If

Etta James free essay sample

Newport News Virginia, proud mother, Temperance, gave birth to her first little girl, who was soon to become one of the most accomplished Jazz singers of all time (Verve Music Group). Temple and Ells father William, bound together by common-law marriage, separated soon after she was born. Her mother then moved the two of them to Yonkers, NY where eventually they started a family with Joseph Dad Silva, Temples long-term boyfriend. Ella soon became a big sister when Francis was born in 1923.To support the family, Jog dug ditches and acted as a part-time chauffer while Temple labored at a Laundromat. The girls would take on small Jobs from time to time to help put food on the table. Growing up, Ella considered herself a tomboy, however desired to be a dancer. Sometimes, Instead of their usual game of baseball, Ella and her friends would take the train into Harlem to watch a show at the Apollo Theatre. In 1932 Ella was devastated by the death of her mother due to a sudden heart attack (Verve Music Group). Coping with the loss, Jog went into depression, neglecting his relationship with his daughters.Ella began rebelling, as her grades dropped dramatically and she began skipping school. Her relationship with her stepfather had insisted and she was sent to live with her Aunt. This living situation didnt last long when Ella ran away, living homeless and on the streets. She began working as a lookout for a Mafia affiliated gang, and when she got in trouble with the police, was sent to Reform School (leapfrogged). Again, she escaped but eventually found herself in the Colored Orphan Asylum in Riverside, The Bronx.On November 21, 1934 Ella made her debut at the Apollo Theatre after winning an opportunity to compete In amateur Her original plan was to woo the audience by dancing, but she had a last minute change of heart after seeing he competition. Instead, she asked the band to play Connie Boswell Judy and sang her way into the hearts of her audience. She did so well, the audience demanded an encore. She fulfilled their request, singing another Boswell tune, The Object of My Affection and won first prize of $25. 00 (leapfrogged). This opportunity opened several doors for Ella. A few months later was asked to sing with Chick Webs big band. She sang regularly with the band through 1935 (Verve Music Group). In 1936 she recorded her first single Love and Kisses under Decca record label (Nicholson). She recorded several hits with the band, including her 1938 version of the nursery rhyme A-Ticket-A-Tasked. The album sold 1 million copies, hit number one, and stayed on the pop charts for 17 weeks. After Webs death in 1939, the band changed their name to Ella Fitzgerald and her Famous Orchestra. The band had great success with Ella as bandleader, recording nearly 150 songs. Big band swing is the only style of jazz that became popular in the masses, which put Ella on top of the world, skyrocketing her reputation as the most talented singer her time. In 1942 Ella left the band to pursue a solo career. She began touring with Dizzy Gillespie, contributing to her change in vocal style. She was influenced by the bebop sound, and began to Incorporate scat singing as a part of her repertoire. When the horns were doing(Verve Music Group).She demonstrated these new techniques in her 1945 her version of Flying Home, which would later be named by the New York Times as one of the most influential Jazz records of all time (Nicholson). Soon to follow she recorded Lady Be Good in 1947 that gave her the reputation of one of the top Jazz vocalists (Nicholson). She started working with Norman Grand as her anger with the Philharmonic (leapfrogged). She worked with world-renowned musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Lester Young, Ray Brown, and began producing her American Songbook series under Grands own label Verve Records (Verve Music Group).The songbook series ended up being the singers most successful piece of work. The New York Times stated in 1969 These albums were among the first pop records to devote such serious attention to individual songwriters, and they were instrumental in establishing the pop album as a vehicle for serious musical exploration. Ells popularity was skyrocketing and she became a favorite guest on overall programs including The Being Crosby Show, the De Sullivan Show, and the Frank Sinatra Show. Ella became the first African American to perform at Macomb (Nicholson). The booking of this event was extremely controversial and was made into a play by Bonnie Greer in 2005. She was working extremely hard and touring sometimes doing two shows a day that were hundreds of miles apart. In 1974 Ella worked two solid weeks in New York City performing with Frank Sinatra and Count Basis. Five years later, she was inducted into the Down Beat magazine Hall of Fame, and received Kennedy Center Honors for her continuing contributions to the arts leapfrogged). In addition to her love of the arts, she also had a deep passion for child welfare.She donated her time and funds to several non-profit organizations for disadvantaged children. In 1987 US president Ronald Reagan presented Ella with the National Medal of Arts (leapfrogged). Several years later, France awarded her with the Commander of Arts and Letters (leapfrogged). Throughout her lifetime, Ella won fourteen Grammar Awards, including one or Lifetime Achievement in 1967 (Nicholson). In September of 1986 Ella experienced some health problems and underwent coronary bypass surgery (leapfrogged). Doctors also replaced a valve in her heart and diagnosed her with diabetes (leapfrogged).Rumors emerged that she would never sing again, but she persevered, proving them wrong. By 1990 Ella had recorded over 200 albums and in 1991 she gave her final performance at Carnegie Hall (lifeguards). As Ella got older, her health problems worsened. At 76 years old she experienced circulatory problems and on June 15, 1996, Ella Fitzgerald passed away. Today, modern Jazz musicians have invented new ways of communicating to their audiences. Singers have a smooth, sultry tone quality about them now, but you can ear the influence of that classic style of Jazz that Ella brought to the table so long ago.Ella will forever be remembered as one of the most renowned Jazz vocalists of all time. With her impeccable stage presence, vocal range, and raw technical quality of her voice notes her as not only a great singer, but also a brilliant musician. She conquered every style of Jazz from be-bob improvising scat singing, to tender ballads, to swing and big band Jazz. She is a perfect example of someone who was born to do music. Most admirably, she viewed herself not only as a singer, but also as a member of the band; an instrument.

Commercial Law of Freddy Foolish and Brilliant Real Estate’s

Question: Discuss about the Commercial Law Freddy Foolish and Brilliant Real Estates. Answer: Issue Based on the case study provided, the following issues can be drawn: Whether the employee Freddy Foolish is liable for the act of negligence? Whether the employer Brilliant Real Estates Management is vicariously liable for the negligence done by the employee? Law The term negligence in its ordinary senses means unable to take proper care of the given task. It could be due to carelessness or lack of care of the given person. Negligence causes harm and it could even lead to death at times. However, the application of negligence is not restricted to death it may also lead to injury (Burrows Burrows, 2016). The injury may be mental or physical in nature. Negligence is caused when someone is unable to take proper care of the said duty (Fletcher, 2015). Negligence in legal term means Breach of duty of taking care causing damages. A person is said to be negligent when he/she is unable to fulfill his/her duty properly. Negligence leads to permanent damages, temporary damages, even death (Rai, Acharya Dave, 2013). For instance, if person digs out a part of road just in front of the main road where some other person resides just to put a pipeline for his kitchen can be declared as an act of negligence. After completion of his work the person leaves the hole as it is without filling it. A child while crossing the road fell inside the whole causing serious injury. The person is liable for negligence in tort (Haripriya Haripriya, 2014). There are four basic elements for Negligence, viz, Duty Breach of duty Breach causing injury Damages Each of the elements are explained below: Duty: It is the relation between the Plaintiff and the Defendant. It is the duty of the Defendant towards the plaintiff. This duty is generated automatically once the law recognizes a relationship among the defendant and the plaintiff (Robertson, 2013). For example, if any person is working on the road, for example, cleaning the manholes it the duty of the authorized person to put a caution sign board for the safety of others. Is he fails to put it and due to that any harm is caused he is said to charge of negligence. Breach of duty: A defendant is legally responsible for negligence if he fails to complete his duty toward his plaintiff. He is said have done BREACH if he does not show reasonable care to the authorized task. He is even liable to be penalize for failure to fulfill his duty (Fulbrook, 2017). Breach causing injury: This could be stated once the negligence caused by the defendant actually causes injury to the plaintiff. The action of the defendant must cause injury to the plaintiff. For example while loading a truck with sacs of cotton a child was hurt causing injury to his face and head as a loaded sack fell upon him.This an act of negligence (Abraham, 2017). Damages: At certain situations when a person is found guilty of his negligence he is liable to pay damages for the injury is caused because of him. Damages leads to compensation depending upon the amount of injury (Zipursky, 2015). Application The law of tort in New Zealand is prepared in the court only in the court only. They do not follow the US law so they prefer to make their own laws. The natural law does not give any remedy to these facts so they have made their own laws for the betterment of the company (Osborne, 2015). Negligence in other words is the breach caused to the duty given. There are very common incidents related to the breach is vehicle accidents, civil cases, accidents caused to the visitors. The following situations can be held for negligence : A person recklessly driving in an busy street causing injury to many pedestrians A doctor negligently operation the left arm of a patient instead of right arm A car driver hits a pedestrian accidently while driving and caused damages to eggs that he was carrying with him. Almost 350 eggs got damaged. Both the car driver and owner are liable for the negligence caused and the owner is liable to pay damages. In the given case study as well, there has been many instances wherein Freddie was negligent as one of the employees of Brilliant Estate Ltd. As a man of ordinary prudence, he had the responsibility to take preventive measures from the happening of the accident. However, he failed to abide by his duty and he breached his duty of care. As a result of his negligent act, the driver of the car, Danny Dorito suffered a head injury. Freddie Foolish did not place any cones neither did he put up any safety barriers to block the area around where he was working. Thus, it can be said that he did not take any action for preventing the accident from happening. Intentional tort for employees includes the following: assault battery theft fraud Vicarious liability In tort vicarious liability means the employer is also responsible for any negligence done by the employee in the course of his employment causing serious injury to others. It is a strict liability. Vicarious liability means holding the responsibility of any act of negligence done by someone . It is the act done by any employee during the course of his employment. The element of vicarious liability is that the employee or the person who did the negligence need to show the agreement that he has been authorized by his employer for that act to be done during his course of employment. In the given case study as well, the employer of Freddie, that is Brilliant Estate Ltd will be held vicariously liable for his negligent action as the action took place during the course of his employment. Case references Donoghue v Stevenson (1932)AC562(HL) In this case the decision was held by the House of Lords. It was stated that one must be more careful toward other as it their duty to take care of it. This case is also known as snail in the bottle case. The fact of the case was that Ms. Donoghue bought a bottle of ginger beer . After she consumed the ginger beer a dead snail was found inside the bottle. So after consuming that drink she fell ill and sued the owner of the ginger beer mr. Stevenson. It was decided by the house of lords that it is the fault of the ginger beer company . It is their duty to check every production done by them. They are held for their negligence. Due to consumption of the ginger beer the consumer ms.donoghue fell ill, physical damage was caused to her. Other case references: In the case of Limpus V. London General Omnibus Company, he was working according to his employer. His duty was to deliver milk and that is what he was doing only. It was not his fault , his employer employed him for that work knowing the drawbacks of it. In the case of Blyth V Birmingham Waterworks it was held that negligence is a act of doing any work with or without the guidance of a second or more person or persons. It is basically the behavior and conduct of the person. Negligence is something a man can not do with out the instigation of others. It depends upon the human behavior. Conclusion: Thus going through the applicable law it can be concluded that both Freddy Foolish and the Brilliant Real Estates Management are liable the damages they caused and they are bound to pay damages. References: Abraham, K. (2017).The forms and functions of tort law. West Academic. Burrows, A. S., Burrows, J. H. (2016). A SHOCKING REQUIREMENT IN THE LAW ON NEGLIGENCE LIABILITY FOR PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS: LIVERPOOL WOMEN'S HOSPITAL NHS FOUNDATION TRUST V RONAYNE [2015] EWCA CIV 588.Medical law review,24(2), 278-285. Campbell, I. D. (2016). The absence of negligence in Hedley Byrne v Heller.Law Quarterly Review,132(2), 266-277. Fletcher, S. (2015). Who Are We Trying to Protect?The Role of Vulnerability Analysis in New Zealand's Law of Negligence. Fulbrook, J. (2017).Outdoor activities, negligence and the law. Routledge. Haripriya, A., Haripriya, V. (2014). Knowledge about medical law and its negligence among doctors: A cross-sectional study.Int J Sci Res Publ,4, 1-3. Osborne, P. (2015).The law of torts. Irwin Law. Rai, J. J., Acharya, R. V., Dave, D. (2013). Knowledge and awareness among interns and residents about medical law and negligence in a medical college in VadodaraA questionnaire study.Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences,3(4), 32-8. Robertson, A. (2013). On the Function of the Law of Negligence.Oxford Journal of Legal Studies,33(1), 31-57. Zipursky, B. C. (2015). Reasonableness in and out of Negligence Law.